Stolen Data 8/Stolen Data 8.adf/TEXT/ABOUTLITERAL2/ABOUTLITERAL2

Text File | 1989-08-16 | 8.2 KB | 290 lines

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@f01@t4THE MAIN TECHNICAL DEVICES TO READ,

@f01@t4WRITE AND UNDERSTAND TEXTS.

@t5@f00By RokDaZone

@f00@t61@[e-mail] ( -> fictional )
@f00@t6-   TYPES:@f00@t5    narrative,  descriptive,
reflective,   didactic,  lyricpoems  -
arrangement in Stanzas, Lines and Feet
( -> unit ofsyllables )

@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Rhyme a) endrhyme, internal rhyme or
free   verse  b)  endstopped  line  or
enjambement

@f00@t6-@f00@t5    Rhyme    Scheme    =    Regarding
theendrhyme:  aab, ccd, ...
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Rhythm  = The FLOW OF SPEECH caused
by  the  arrangement  of  stressed and
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@t5unstressed  syllables ( e.g.  jambic )

@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Sonnet  =  CLASSIC/BAROQUE style of
poem, arranged in 14 lines with 5 feet
each ( octave + sestet ).

@f00@t6-@f00@t5   using  ->Repetition  ->Imagery  ->
Humour  Poems  will  make  the  reader
being  sensitised,because  he  expects
more  than  the  simple meaning of the
words    he   reads.    Every   single
composition,  word  or arrangement has
its special meaning.


@f00@t62.  PLOT@f00@t5
The  order in which tension is aroused
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@t5and actions are presented.

@f00@t61.@f00@t5    Exposition   (Scenary,  setting,
properties and conflict)
@f00@t62.@f00@t5   Rising  Action  (increase  of the
suspense;conflict intensifies)

@f00@t63.@f00@t5   Climax  (  The  conflict  is most
intense)

@f00@t64.@f00@t5      Turning-Point    (change    in
suspense/conflict )

@f00@t65.@f00@t5   Falling  Action (reduction of the
suspense )

@f00@t66.@f00@t5   Solution  / Open ending (Guess it
yourselves!)


@f00@t63.@f00@t5   ARGUMENTATION  =  (  Text  Type )
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@f00@t5dealing   with  controversial  matter,
written in a persuasive style.


@f00@t64.@f00@t5     NARRATION/   NARRATIVE   (   ->
NARRATOR)  =  ( Text Type ) presenting
actions/events   in  ->Temporal  Order
novels; short stories; reports

@f00@t6PRESENTATION

-  Mode:
@f00@t5a)   Interiour   monologue   =  verbal
reproduction  of  a  single  character
feelings and thoughts.  b) Panoramic =
story  told  as  a condensed series of
events.   c)  Scenic  = an incident is
shown in detail.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Atmosphere  :   the mood created by
the author to evoke emotions.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5   Characterisation   :   explicit  =
@#
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@f00@t5information  about  the  character  is
given    directly    by   the   author
(stagedirections)   implicit   =   The
audience  is  suppossed  to  find  out
itself about the characters traits.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5   Setting   :    way  of  presenting
surroundings.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Suspense  :  The feeling of tension
that is created.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Tone  :  The attitude of the author
as reflected in the text


@f00@t66. FICTION

- @f00@t5 The  author  creates his own world,
that  is  to be regarded at as reality
by  his  audience  (  in novels, short
stories, dramas, poems ).
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Comedy  =  Drama dealing with light
topics e.g criticism/entertaiment
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@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Fable   = animals are personified
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Parable  =  story  about particular
events  to  express  a statement about
human behaviour.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Parody  =  imitation  of well known
pieces
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Satire  =  to  make  things  appear
ridiculous
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Utopia = an ideal world is created


@f00@t67. NON-FICTION
= @f00@t5referation to real persons,events
  or places

@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Comments ( -> to convince reader ):
a)  Leading  Article  = written by the
main-editor b) Letters to the Editor =
written by any reader

@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Reports ( -> "Five-W" answering text
@#
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@t5about  events;  -->descriptive  ):  a)
feature    story    =    appeals    to
emotions/arouses   human  interest  b)
news  story = A news story is based on
facts.     e.gInterpretive   N.S.    =
story-like elements.

@f00@t68. ORDERS

-  @f00@t5Chronological = action presented as
it occured -->Temporal
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Contrastive = structure according to
contrasts
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Climactic  = structure according to
importance
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Dialectical = thesis, antithesis,
  synthesis
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Listing = "First" "Then" "Finally"
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Temporal  =  structure according to
relation of time
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Topical = the text is being devided
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@f00@t5into   main   topics   subtopics  with
following logical categories.

@f00@t69. REPETITION

-  @f00@t5 Alliteration   =   repetition   of
consonants:  "Size of Small Spades"
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Anaphora  =  repetition of words at
neighbouring  sentences:   "Still,  we
have...  " "Still, it is..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Assonance  =  repetition of similar
vowels:  "nOwhere to go..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5    Parallelism   =   repetition   of
structures  in neighbouring sentences:
"We have to face..."

@f00@t610. IMAGERY

@f00@t5(  Image  =  vivid  mental  picture to
appeal to emotions )
@#
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@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Allusion  =  reference to wellknown
things,persons  or  ideas:  "In GOD we
trust..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5   Connotation  =  beyond  dictionary
meaning -->figurative
@f00@t6-@f00@t5   Denotation  =  dictionary  meaning
-->literal
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Metaphors  = linking unlike things,
the  linked  things are one:  the Snow
of his Hair..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Personification  = things/ideas are
presented as human beings
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Similes  =  comparing unlike things
with  "like"  or  "as":  "His Hair was
like snow..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Symbols  = objects are standing for
abstracts  ideas:  'Statue of Liberty'
as a sign for liberty.

@f00@t611. COMEDY /HUMOUR
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- @f00@t5Caricature = one-sided overemphasis
@f00@t6- @f00@t5Exaggeration = strong overstatement
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Irony = amuse, mock
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Paradox    =    contradictionary
  statement, hiding truth
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Pun    =    play    of    words:
  "Hide-and-Speak"
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Sarcasm = bitter/aggressive humour.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Understatement  =  opposite  of -->
  exaggeration

@f00@t612. VOCABULARY

- @f00@t5Attitudinal = attitude is expressed:
"Simply...", "Honestly..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Didactic = used to teach a lesson
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Euphemism  =  used  to display sth.
better than it is
@f00@t6-@f00@t5   Intensifying  =  used  to  stress:
"Indeed...", "Particulary..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Rhetorical  =  selfanswering:   "Is
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@f00@t5white a colour?"
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  Technical = Expressing knowledge in
a special field
@f00@t6-@f00@t5   Moral   =   lesson   taught  by  a
-->didactic text

@f00@t6STEPS    TO   ANALYSE   /   WRITE   AN
ARGUMENTATION...

- @f00@t5Points to consider when analysing:
a)        Is        the       Headline
informative/shocking/amusing?  b) What
are  the  opposing  views?  c) Who are
addressee(s)?   How  should  be  their
reaction?    d)  How  much  background
information  is needed/given?  e) Give
the   topic  in  ONE  sentence...   f)
Evidences/Structure?       g)     What
conclusion is the author drawing?

@f00@t6-@f00@t5    Structure    when    writing   an
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@f00@t5Argumentation  (also --> Evaluation ):
a)  Firstly, introduce the thesis that
can not be accepted b) Give a personal
antithesisintroduced   by  contrastive
signals  or viewpoint expressions.  c)
Support  your  antithesis by evidences
of  personal or general experiences or
norms.  d) Using:  clauses of reason =
"since..";     "as..";     "because.."
consessive   clauses  =  "although..."
conditional    clauses    =   "if...";
"unless..." causal expressions = "This
is  why..."  e) Conclusion (containing
-->Evaluation )

@f00@t614. STEPS TO ANALYSE POEMS...
- @f00@t5Introduction
  ( title, Poet, topic, background )
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Type of poem ( Evidences )
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Structure  ( stanzas, lines, metre,
  feet )
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Sentences  (  long  /  short,main /
@#
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 @f00@t5 subordinate clauses Sentence-pattern )
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Devices
  ( -->Repetition -->Imagery -->Rhyme)
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Poets intention
  (   tone,  atmosphere;  How  do  the
  devices  support the poets purpose?)
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 >Evaluation

@f00@t615. POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN ANALYSING
    NON-FICTIONAL TEXTS
-  @f00@t5 What   is  the  writers  intention
  /attitude?
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 What are his presuppositions towards
his reader(s)?
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  What is his code ( = his variant of
language ) like?
@f00@t6-@f00@t5  What are the reader(s) expectations
/presuppositions/attitude/code?
@f00@t6-@f00@t5   What  is  the  medium  (  kind  of
article) and the subject matter?
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